39 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - ... EKG Findings Causes ... of Hypercalcemia ... Thiazide diuretics #Hypercalcemia ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Paget's Disease #Hypercalcemia ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... Granulomatous Disorders (eg ... DTomacruzM #Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia ... #Endocrinology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
BRASH Syndrome

B - Bradycardia
R - Renal failure
A - AV nodal blockade
S - Shock
H - Hyperkalemia

Typical ECG
S - Shock H - Hyperkalemia ... Typical ECG ... other findings of hyperkalemia ... Aggressive treatment of hyperkalemia ... #diagnosis #management
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Intercellular Shift ... • Cell Lysis (e.g ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... • Digoxin #Hyperkalemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic: Williams syndrome ... jamiekwillows #Hypercalcemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... Drugs Causing Hyperkalemia ... Metabolic acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... cantaloupe #hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... potassium and ECG ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... , asystole #hyperkalemia ... potassium #high #diagnosis