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diagnosis differential management hypokalemia nephrology treatment blood causes druginduced leukostasis lysis pharmacology product reactions syndrome tls transfusions tumor urine
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC ... shift of K (Succinylcholine ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium ... #medications #druginduced
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... #urine #potassium ... #differential #algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Algorithm • IV ... and ECG changes ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
Medications for ... disturbances, shift ... , changes on ECG ... Figure 3 is an algorithm ... #Management #Medications
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 Hyperkalemia Management Pseudohyperkalemia: 1. Hemolyzed sample 2. Blood drawn from a site/line where potassium or TPN is
Hyperkalemia Management ... site/line where potassium ... minutes-hour) -Shift ... or dialysis • SLOW ... #high
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
immature blasts and high ... , Elevated Cr, Low ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... unless worrisome EKG ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... correcting serum potassium ... Other medications
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
High mortality. ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia ... products contain potassium ... Hypothermia: Due to low ... diagnosis #management #hematology
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