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diagnosis management causes differential barre gitelman hypokalemia rhabdomyolysis diuresis diuretics encephalopathy excretion gbs guillainbarre hyperreflexia hyporeflexia medications pharmacology posterior pres
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia Focal Hyporeflexia: • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... delivery to distal nephron ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... Treatment: • Plasmapheresis ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... or compartment syndrome ... Shift of extracellular ... per day until stable ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
iniury, Compartment syndrome ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... per day until stable ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... plasma insulin (treatment ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • Incidence: 1
Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... the underlying pathophysiology ... and cauda equina TREATMENT ... #Barre #Syndrome ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... epilepticus Treatment ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Unexplained hypokalemia ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia
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