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diagnosis hyperkalemia differential algorithm nephrology high classification idsa medications pathophysiology table antiarrhythmics chf heartfailure hivaids infections opportunistic prevention blood bradycardia
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... is caused by excess ... potassium intake ... transcellular shifts ... #Differential #Causes
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 Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #management #potassium
Antiarrhythmic Drugs CLASS IA • Procainamide, Quinidine, Disopyramide CLASS 1B • Lidocaine, Mexiletine CLASS 2 • Propranolol, Esmolol CLASS 4
Disopyramide CLASS ... Adenosine, Magnesium, Potassium ... #Medications #Classes ... Classification #Pharmacology ... #cardiology
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation • Reconsider treatment leadingto
Hyperkalemia Management ... • Treat the cause ... • Reconsider treatment ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... #treatment #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia results from abnormal losses, transcellular shifts, or insufficient intake (Table 1).6–8 Abnormal losses
Causes of Hypokalemia ... transcellular shifts ... significantly lower potassium ... rarely the sole cause ... #Differential #Causes
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 Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high ... #algorithm #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... Seaweed, Nuts, molasses ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
goals of acute treatment ... disturbances, shift ... algorithm for the management ... #Management #Medications ... Treatment
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