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Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis and Management Algorithm

Dr Pravin Patel

#Hypokalemia #Hyperkalemia #potassium #differential #diagnosis #management
Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis and Management ... Pravin Patel #Hypokalemia ... #Hyperkalemia # ... potassium #differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shifts ... The etiology of hyperkalemia ... of hyperkalemia
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
“H’s & T’s“ - The reversible causes of Cardiac Arrest 
Hypovolemia, Hypoxia/Hypoxemia, Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis),
The reversible causes ... Cardiac Arrest Hypovolemia ... Excess (Acidosis), Hypokalemia ... /Hyperkalemia, Hypothermia ... diagnosis #arrest #management
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts ... MatthewHoMD #Hypokalemia ... nephrology #low #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #management #potassium
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia ... to moderate); hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia; hypokalemia ... disturbances (including hypokalemia ... #Binding #Hyperkalemia
Emergency management of severe hyperkalemia

#hyperkalemia #management #algorithm #nephrology #Potassium #Treatment
Emergency management ... of severe hyperkalemia ... #hyperkalemia ... #management #algorithm ... #nephrology #Potassium
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications