12 results
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... high potassium levels ... (or low potassium ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Have a high index ... abnormalities particularly potassium ... consultation with cardiology ... Ischemia #Ischaemia #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
Increase fresh gas flow ... • Exclude high ... Pneumothorax and/or high ... #Differential #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist
Hyperkalemia Management
Pseudohyperkalemia: 1. Hemolyzed sample 2. Blood drawn from a site/line where potassium or TPN is
Hyperkalemia Management ... site/line where potassium ... minutes-hour) -Shift ... or dialysis • SLOW ... #high
Increased Airway Pressure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Using these steps from start to end should
Increase fresh gas flow ... if it is due to high ... blood gas, 12-lead ECG ... #Differential #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist
Can’t Intubate, Can’t Oxygenate (CICO) - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
This is the last resort when
Guidelines for Crises ... device or nasal high ... airway expertise e.g ... Intubation #Difficult #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... • Saline Causes ... densa receives high
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
heart disease Causes ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... classified as: • Low ... percent PVCs/day • High ... #differential #cardiology
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
Consider known drug causes ... Also consider: high ... #Bradycardia #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist ... Management #Workup #Cardiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... extracellular shift ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification