11 results
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... intracellular calcium causes ... high potassium levels ... (or low potassium ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Have a high index ... CM5 continuous ECG ... abnormalities particularly potassium ... consultation with cardiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist
Hyperkalemia Management
Pseudohyperkalemia: 1. Hemolyzed sample 2. Blood drawn from a site/line where potassium or TPN is
Hyperkalemia Management ... site/line where potassium ... minutes-hour) -Shift ... or dialysis • SLOW ... #high
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... densa receives high ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
heart disease Causes ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... classified as: • Low ... percent PVCs/day • High ... #differential #cardiology
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
we introduce a high ... , the ICF must now ... causes Hyperkalemia ... The high CL- content ... diagnosis #treatment #pharmacology
Intraoperative  Bradycardia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Bradycardia in theatre should not be treated as
Check fresh gas flow ... (eg. remifentanil ... Also consider: high ... Intraoperative #Checklist ... Management #Workup #Cardiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... extracellular shift ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Causes of ST Segment ... Disorders: • Hyperkalemia ... Tower sign) and low-amplitude ... • Short QT, high ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
mental status and low ... ECG is vital while ... patient causing hypovolemia ... the determined cause ... icu #clinical #pharmacology