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diagnosis differential hyperkalemia treatment nephrology algorithm pharmacology classification comparison crystalloids effects foamed heat heatstroke illness lactated lr metabolic nongap normal
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Hypokalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... exchange resins #aniongap
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... bicarbonate if acidosis ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia Management Algorithm • Treat the cause & optimize hemodynamics and ventilation • Reconsider treatment leadingto
Hyperkalemia Management ... • Treat the cause ... and parenteral potassium ... Intracellular K+ Shift ... #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... • Saline Causes ... densa receives high
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Framework • Cellular Shift ... - Metabolic Acidosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #potassium #high
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Summary #causes
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Loss of sodium/Potassium ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... High body temperatures ... - Hyperkalemia ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... extracellular shift ... Acidosis B. ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification
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