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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Posterior Reversible ... Encephalopathy ... agitation) • Seizures ... • Hypertensive emergency ... Immunomodulatory meds
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Treatment
Blood pressure control:
 • Aim for 10-25% BP reduction within
Posterior Reversible ... Encephalopathy ... are preferred Seizure ... #Reversible #Encephalopathy ... Treatment #Management #Neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Encephalopathy ... Hypertension/Hypertensive emergency ... the underlying cause ... : Treat with AEDs ... until cause identified
Approach to Possible Hypertensive Emergency

criteria required to diagnose hypertensive emergency
(1) Severe hypertension
 - Usually a MAP
mm is needed to cause ... - Hypertensive encephalopathy ... visual disturbance, seizure ... of hypertensive encephalopathy ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Emergency Treatment Algorithm for Convulsive Status Epilepticus 
 1. ABCDEFG (ABC's and Don't Ever Forget the
Emergency Treatment ... Algorithm for Convulsive ... for reversible cause ... is available or seizure ... #seizures #ACEP
Do you start Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs) on a first time seizure?

SHINE Mnemonic:
 • first seizure occurred
Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs ... Remote Symptomatic Cause ... Remote Symptomatic Cause ... Initiation #start #Algorithm ... #Neurology #SHINE
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
Causes of Status ... DISTURBANCES Hepatic encephalopathy ... hemorrhage Neoplasm Posterior ... #Epilepticus #Seizures ... #neurology