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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Posterior Reversible ... Encephalopathy ... Clinical Features: • Altered ... mental status ( ... agitation) • Seizures
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Encephalopathy ... the underlying cause ... : Treat with AEDs ... until cause identified ... #Reversible #Encephalopathy
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
HIV, or lyme • Altered ... mental status, ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... • Hypertensive encephalopathy ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
Causes of Status ... DISTURBANCES Hepatic encephalopathy ... hemorrhage Neoplasm Posterior ... #Epilepticus #Seizures ... #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Fever, headache, altered ... mental status, ... Demyelinating disease caused ... rapidly progressive encephalopathy ... • VZV • HIV encephalopathy