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differential nephrology causes algorithm hypokalemia management hyperkalemia rhabdomyolysis treatment alkalosis chloride comatose framework gitelman hypophosphatemia low metabolic phosphate physicalexam summary
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... #potassium #differential ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... leukemia Measure Urine ... Transcellular Shift ... • Normal or High ... Low PTH: - High
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... urinary losses: • High ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Shift of extracellular ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
- Differential Diagnosis ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Transcellular shift ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Differential Diagnosis ... • Locked-in syndrome ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... Anisocoria + Coma → high ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
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