15 results
Causes of B12 deficiency. 

This great diagram shows normal absorption and outlines most possible causes. At
Causes of B12 deficiency ... most possible causes ... the top is a B12-deficient ... rest involve some mechanism ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... pancytopenia Mechanisms ... and petechiae Causes ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Crises can be precipitated ... The underlying pathophysiology ... crisis (4 different mechanism ... of the baseline anaemia ... co-existent G6PD deficiency
Copper Deficiency - Mechanisms
There are 2 main mechanisms of copper deficiency
Decreased intake from:
 - Gastric bypass,
Copper Deficiency ... - Mechanisms There ... are 2 main mechanisms ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Physiologic Causes ... • Severe iron deficiency ... anemia (reduced ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
Inhibited Pathway caused ... use of N2O can cause ... with vitamin B12 deficiency ... of pernicious anemia ... #Pathophysiology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
reticularis Blood: Anemia ... inflammation tends to cause ... pulmonary fibrosis (mechanism ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
• Vitamin C deficiency ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Pathogenesis of Select Causes of Constipation in Adults and in Elderly

 • Mechanical (ex. Bowel Obstruction,
Pathogenesis of Select Causes ... Thyroid hormone deficiency ... -> Possible mechanisms ... interaction -> Mechanism ... #constipation #pathophysiology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency ... breath, wasting, anemia ... Loss of teeth Anemia ... : • Vitamin C deficiency ... , or any other cause