14 results
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
Primary vs Secondary ... Insufficiency - Pathophysiology ... Primary AI = adrenal ... Insufficiency #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
outward urine flow ... epithelium and causing symptoms ... Signs/Symptoms ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... • Weakness • Low-grade ... Androgens: • Symptoms ... physical: - Symptoms ... addisons #disease #endocrinology
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... hypertrophy of slow-twitching ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... Obstruction of blood flow ... • Primary varicocele ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Management Summary Primary ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... Hyperpigmentation is absent (low ... Insufficiency #Primary ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
produces them when low ... precipitant. 5) treat low ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Low Alkaline Phosphatase ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... of Low Alkaline ... • Elevation of urinary