11 results
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
Primary vs Secondary ... Insufficiency - Pathophysiology ... Secondary AI = the ... Insufficiency #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
↓Phosphate • Secondary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Secondary hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... hypertrophy of slow-twitching ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... hypotension In secondary ... Hyperpigmentation is absent (low ... Causes of Secondary ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Low Alkaline Phosphatase ... pain • loss of secondary ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... of Low Alkaline
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
produces them when low ... precipitant. 5) treat low ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
spermatic vein Secondary ... Obstruction of blood flow ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism • Secondary ... , K, Mg2+) • Slow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
thyroiditis Secondary ... Diagnosis: • ↓ Low ... #differential #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms