16 results
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Meniere's Disease ... symptoms/signs, ... • Multiple sclerosis ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
retraction (Collier's sign ... tumors - Multiple Sclerosis ... → "setting sun sign ... " - Vascular disease ... #pineal #neurology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
retraction (Collier's sign ... tumors • Multiple sclerosis ... "setting sun" sign ... • Vascular disease ... #diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Méniére's disease ... Multiple sclerosis ... signs or symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
tinnitus (Méniére's disease ... and multiple sclerosis ... #diagnosis #findings ... #signs #symptoms ... #comparison #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of UMN and LMN signs ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... #neurology #diagnosis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... failure PBC Signs ... but elevated as disease ... cholestasis, Primary sclerosis ... , IgG4 related disease
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
- Subchondral sclerosis ... Pseudogout #CPPD #Disease ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
inflammation (Scleritis ... interstitial lung disease ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #ExtraArticular