10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... tubular acidosis ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Low #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... high in kidney tubular ... in the proximal tubule ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... tubular acidosis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tubular acidosis
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... NAGMA - Chem, ABG ... Chloride Intoxication ... Tubular Acidosis ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... diuretics after renal ... tubule diuretic ... #Differential #
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... filtration rate by tubulo-glomerular ... cause metabolic acidosis ... #Chloride
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... tubular acidosis ... #Causes #differential
#ICUCard
RENAL
GFR
90-131
mL/min
((140-age)*Wt)/(72*Cr)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Cockcroft)
CI Cr
90-131
mL/min
(CrU * volume)/CrS
Creatinine Clearance
FENa
0.0-1.0
%
((U/P Na)/(U/P Cr))*100
Fractional Excretion of Na+
Na req
mEq
(125-Na)*0.6*Wt
Required Sodium
FE Urea
#ICUCard RENAL ... (Na U(U/P Cr) Renal ... /P Osm) Trans Tubular ... 9 Respiratory Acidosis ... -2min Calcium chloride