7 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal K loss • Hypomagnesemia-induced ... Renal tubular acidosis ... (type 1 of 2), ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
(NAGMA) - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... and Workup NAGMA ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #sodium
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
replacement fluid Hypomagnesemia ... Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... dysfunction or low ... accumulate as: - 1 ... #diagnosis
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... 4, Lowe Syndrome ... hypercalciuria, Familial Hypomagnesemia ... #differential # ... diagnosis