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nephrology algorithm metabolic causes pathophysiology syndrome anticoagulation chloride citrate hypernatremia hypokalemia management metabolicalkalosis nongap primary toxicity toxicology urinary urine
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
prevalence of 1- ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypermagnesuria, Hypomagnesemia ... #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Volume Expanded 1° ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Volume Expanded - 1° ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... loop/thiazide) • Hypomagnesemia ... • Barrter's/Gitelman's
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #sodium
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Syndrome Euvolemic* - 1° ... #Nephrology #Causes
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia (HyperNa): - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
replacement fluid Hypomagnesemia ... dysfunction or low ... metabolism Metabolic alkalosis ... accumulate as: - 1 ... #diagnosis
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