11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Gitelman syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... the excretion of sodium ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Normal/low ... Gitelman syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Hypermagnesuria, Hypomagnesemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Diagnosis Framework ... Chloride Intoxication ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... loop/thiazide) • Hypomagnesemia ... #Differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased Intake: • Low ... • Fatigue Chloride ... #Chloride
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
solutions may have ↑ sodium ... paired with a lower sodium ... replacement fluid Hypomagnesemia ... dysfunction or low ... #diagnosis
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
Hyperkalaemia: calcium chloride ... amiodarone/metoprolol Metabolic ... hyperventilate, sodium ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup