805 results
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... tubule (DCT) Clinical ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
Hyperkalemia and Treatment ... Albuterol - Sodium ... Furosemide - Sodium ... #Hyperkalemia #Treatment ... #Management #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Hyperkalemia Management ... Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium ... #Hyperkalemia #Management ... #Treatment #Potassium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

By Dr. Khudhur Mohammed @khudhur_moh

#Hyponatremia #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #sodium ... #nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine sodium ... acid: - Urine sodium ... hyponatremia - Urine sodium ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... Fractional #Excretion #Sodium ... #nephrology #calculation ... #diagnosis
Algorithm for the Treatment of Uremic Pruritus
Nonpharmacologic Treatments:
 • Daily topical emollient
 • Avoidance of extremes
Algorithm for the Treatment ... Nonpharmacologic Treatments ... Pharmacologic Treatments ... Topical cromolyn sodium ... #management #nephrology
Migraine - Preventative Treatments

 • Anticonvulsants: *Topiramate, *Sodium valproate, Gabapentin, Pregabalin
 • Antidepressants: Amitriptyline, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine,
- Preventative Treatments ... *Topiramate, *Sodium ... #Preventative #Treatment ... #management #prophylaxis ... #pharmacology #neurology
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Cyanide Toxicity Treatment ... binds cyanide - Sodium ... Pathophysiology #Management ... #Treatment
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Hypernatremia #Management ... #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus