17 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... , Low effective ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... heart failure, neurologic ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pump - Digoxin works ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... (or low potassium ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
WOBBLER  for ECG assessment in Syncope 
W - Wolff Parkinson White 
O - Obstructed AV
coved ST elevation Now ... syncope, can be caused ... characteristically cause ... QT syndrome too ... #Cardiology
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Definitions - Stable Angina, Unstable Angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
1 STABLE ANGINA - Angina
Acute Coronary Syndrome ... adequate blood flow ... rapidly over a short ... thrombus formation causes ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework

Why PVCs?  Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
syndrome, ARVC) ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... classified as: • Low ... 300 = NSVT EKG ... #differential #cardiology