11 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... administration Step 3. ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... history Step #2 ... Uglucose Step #3 ... #Sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... Urine Osmolarity 3) ... Urine Sodium 4) ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... renal mechanism 2) ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm ... underlying cause (CHF ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
increasing Na ~5mEq 2. ... 10-12 mEq/day 3. ... Demyelination Syndrome ... desmopressin MH/CCF ... rate #management #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
2) Is ADH elevated ... demyelination syndrome ... include vaptans (HF ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia Diagnostic Algorithm
1) Check serum osmolality
2) Check urine osmolality
3) ADH Dependent - Check volume status, urine
Algorithm 1) Check ... serum osmolality 2) ... urine osmolality 3) ... status, urine sodium ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Epidemiology: • 1-2 ... • Weakness: Starts ... /constipation, hyponatremia ... demyelination features (2) ... management #treatment #neurology