11 results
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... (↑Shunting), ↓Perfusion ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #pulmonary #Aa
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Ventilation/perfusion ... • Interstitial lung ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure ... : Interstitial lung ... gravity-dependent gradients ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... #hypoxia #Differential
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... Disease and more • Diffusion ... Defect: Pulmonary ... , Interstitial Lung ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia
COVID-19 RESPIRATORY PATHWAY ALGORITHM
Awake proning may help with oxygenation
Permissive hypoxemia, if closely monitored and in the
COVID-19 RESPIRATORY ... PATHWAY ALGORITHM ... absence of AMS/poor perfusion ... FOAMpodcast #COVID19 ... #Failure
Proposed Respiratory Support Algorithm in COVID19

The ‘intubate early’ paradigm, where patients who “fail” low flow oxygen
Respiratory Support Algorithm ... in COVID19 The ... lung disease are ... #criticalcare #hypoxia ... #failure #algorithm
General schema for respiratory support in patients with COVID-19
Low flow nasal cannula
 • Typically set at
patients with COVID ... useful to allow for lung-protective ... use conventional lung-protective ... respiratory #support #COVID19 ... #failure #algorithm
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
Causes of Pleural Effusion ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Congestive heart failure ... Pneumonectomy • Trapped lung ... Malignancy • Pulmonary
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
absence of intrinsic lung ... upright position • Hypoxemia ... on radioactive lung ... or pulmonary angiography ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
/Chronic renal failure ... , pain, fever, hypoxia ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... with associated hypoxia ... or restrictive lung