10 results
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
patients with type 2 diabetes ... extreme physiologic stress ... have new-onset diabetes ... are Euglycemic Diabetic ... Common, early signs
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... hyperglycemic crises ... patients with diabetes ... Key signs/symptoms ... of HHS/DKA: Both
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #diabetes
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis ... Glycosylation - AGE cause ... -> Oxidative stress ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology ... #complications
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
cystitis, UTI), diabetes ... Incr PVR if a complication ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms
Associated Psychological / Behavioural Features
 • Feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment
Symptoms related to complications ... frequent urination (diabetes ... • Sores, scars ... , calluses on knuckles ... BulimiaNervosa #pathophysiology
Causes of Myocarditis 
1. Infectious Myocarditis
 • Bacterial - Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, Gonococcus, Salmonella, Corynebacterium
Causes of Myocarditis ... immunodeficiency virus-1 DNA ... arthritis, Churg-Strauss ... insulin-dependent diabetes ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Opioid Withdrawal: Clinical Findings and Complications
Note: Opioid withdrawal can be extremely uncomfortable, but is rarely life-threatening
Clinical Findings and Complications ... Gastrointestinal distress ... (nausea, vomiting ... Withdrawal #Opiate #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Authors: Mark M. Ramzy, DO, EMT-P (@MarkRamzyDO, EM Resident Physician, Drexel University, Department of Emergency Medicine)
American male in mild distress ... Vital signs: BP ... structural and vascular complications ... contusions and their complications ... #Radiology #CTChest