24 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... resorption: • Primary ... due to decreased urinary ... #Causes #differential ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... - Differential ... Algorithm • Primary ... #Differential # ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... or normal): • Primary ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... ACTH) stimulation test ... baseline ACTH - Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge - Differential ... Renal Failure • Stress ... + High TSH • Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology ... #Causes
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... 1) Clinical clues ... → Primary hyperapara ... #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–dependent Primary ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical features: 
 - Weight loss, anorexia, Weakness, fatigue, GI distress
 - Hypotension,
Weakness, fatigue, GI distress ... , only seen in PRIMARY ... Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... interact with stim test ... Stimulation #StimTest #Endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperuricemia - Differential ... of nucleotides Primary ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes