11 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... - Acute and chronic ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... barium, CT, or MR ... algorithm #workup #diagnosis ... #differential
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... Diagnosis and Screening ... disease - Renal ultrasound ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... Screening #Workup #table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... diarrhea / IBD ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
- Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Pneumonia: • 3 syndromes ... Abdominal pain, chronic ... factor • May cause
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Diagnosis: Causes ... glycol (present in IV ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... Interpretation #Diagnosis
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea
Osmotic Diarrhea
 1. Medications: antacids, lactulose, sorbitol
 2. Disaccharidase deficiency: lactose intolerance
 3.
Causes of Chronic ... Cytomegalovirus, HIV ... #Diarrhea #Causes ... #Differential # ... diagnosis
Causes of a low fecal elastase
Abnormal pancreatic imaging:
Chronic pancreatitis, Pancreatic tumours including cystic disease, Pancreatic resection,
pancreatic imaging: Chronic ... result-watery diarrhoea ... bacterial overgrowth, HIV ... elastase #low #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... and lymphomas, IV ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
status NTM Cause ... : • Syndrome of ... Advanced HIV (CD4 ... liver enzymes, diarrhea ... NTM #Infections #differential