9 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... effective arterial blood ... anion effect: Vomiting ... syndrome #hypokalemia ... #urine #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... urinary losses: • High ... Blood Pressure:
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Gastrointestinal: Vomiting ... • Normal/low blood ... metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
algorithm for hypokalemia ... presentations: • Vomiting ... Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... densa receives high ... Decreased GFR, urine ... • Saline May Cause
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
flank pain, dark urine ... Causes purpura & ... High mortality. ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia ... potassium from
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
flank pain, dark urine ... Causes purpura & ... High mortality. ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia ... potassium from