13 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... ketoacidosis • Vomiting ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... out of cells may cause ... To prevent hypokalemia ... , vomiting (Incr ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Pediatric Vomiting - Gastrointestinal and Systemic Causes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hepatobiliary:
 • Acute Hepatitis
 • Acute
Pediatric Vomiting ... Gastrointestinal and Systemic Causes ... Pregnancy • Diabetes ... • Uremia • Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
hypotension - Nausea ... , vomiting, diarrhea ... Hyperpigmentation - Hyperkalemia ... visual symptoms - Diabetes
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... Complications: • Hyperkalemia ... , weight loss, vomiting ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... Headaches • Nausea ... and vomiting ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (treatment of diabetic ... GI Losses: - Vomiting ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... Hyperventilation, Dizziness, Nausea ... , Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
countries (11-24 cases ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... symptoms are not caused ... history: Self-limiting
Symptoms and Signs of Hypokalemia
Cardiovascular
 - Hypertension
 - Orthostatic hypotension
 - Potentiation of digitalis toxicity
 -
Symptoms and Signs of Hypokalemia ... Rhabdomyolysis GI - Nausea ... , vomiting - Abdominal ... - Nephrogenic diabetes ... intolerance #Hypokalemia