13 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Chronic Vision Loss ... - Differential Diagnosis ... - Cotton wool spots ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
-> Cotton-wool spots ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
outlet obstruction, chronic ... Pathophysiology: ... pneumoniae, proteus Diagnosis ... is needed for diagnosis ... KUB or abdominal ultrasound
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
- Differential Diagnosis ... processed grains - Chronic ... Korsakoff Syndrome - Chronic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
-> Cherry-red spot ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis ... Perforation) Pathophysiology ... : Spore ingestion ... → colonic colonization ... Tetracyclines Diagnosis
Gastroenterology Endoscopy Tools and Accessories - A Visual Catalog for Trainees and Young Gastroenterologists
Biopsy Forceps:
ESOPHAGEAL/ DUODENAL/COLONIC ... ESOPHAGO-GASTRO-DUODENOSCOPE - Diagnostic ... ENTEROSCOPE - Diagnostic ... COLONOSCOPE - Diagnostic ... • ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND
Short Bowel Syndrome - Acute and Chronic Adverse Signs and Symptoms of Ileal Resection
 • Dehydration
Short Bowel Syndrome ... - Acute and Chronic ... Ileal #Resection #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis