10 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... renal failure Clinical ... symptoms are not caused ... Extrapulmonary: ankle ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... , Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #diagnosis #causes
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
severe clinical ... Malnutrition due to chronic ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... Syndrome #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential ... Framework and Clinical ... Manifestations Causes ... Increased loss: - Diarrhea ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Summary Acute AIDP ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Guillain-Barre Clinical ... • Weakness: Starts ... arrythmias • Other: Diarrhea
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea
Osmotic Diarrhea
 1. Medications: antacids, lactulose, sorbitol
 2. Disaccharidase deficiency: lactose intolerance
 3.
Causes of Chronic ... bowel resection (short ... AIDS-related: Viral ... #Diarrhea #Causes ... #Differential #
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Infections in HIV - Differential ... • CT: Halo sign ... Abdominal pain, chronic ... diarrhea, cytopenias ... Infections #HIV #AIDS
Nail Pathologies - Findings in or Near Nails

Paronychia 

A superficial infection of the proximal and lateral
Chronic infections ... the Fingers Clinically ... Systemic causes ... Pathology #Diagnosis #Clinical ... #Signs #PhysicalExam
Clinical Presentations Suggestive of Infectious Diarrhea Etiologies
 • Persistent or chronic diarrhea - Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia
Clinical Presentations ... Persistent or chronic ... infections can cause ... infections) • Chronic ... #diagnosis #differential