11 results
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Cotton Wool Spots ... Caused by microinfarcts ... #CottonWool #Spots ... #fundoscopy #ophthalmology
Hypertensive Retinopathy on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient with grade IV hypertensive retinopathy. Papilledema, hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots
Hypertensive Retinopathy ... IV hypertensive retinopathy ... and cotton-wool spots ... #cottonwool #Retina ... clinical #video #ophthalmology
Purtscher Retinopathy on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

33 year-old who presents 2 weeks after car accident.  Fundus
Purtscher Retinopathy ... multiple cotton-wool spots ... #Purtscher #Retinopathy ... #cottonwool #spots ... clinical #video #ophthalmology
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Occlusion (CRVO) - Pathophysiology ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... ) #Clinical #Ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... retinal ischemia causes ... #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
- Cotton wool spots ... : • Diabetic Retinopathy ... Glaucoma (Open-Angle ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
focal melting) -> Retinopathy ... conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
• Hypertensive retinopathy ... Concussion Other Causes ... Migraine • Acute angle-closure ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #causes
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
Acute Closed Angle ... • Significant cause ... most frequent cause ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology