8 results
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
- Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Seronegative Reactive Syndrome ... Ligamentous injuries - Meniscal ... #diagnosis #msk
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
Cognitive impairment + loss ... hydrocephalus, HIV ... ... laboratory tests ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome ... MNCD #Dementia #Differential
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Hearing Loss - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #otology
Allopecia - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Hair Loss

Localized / Focal Hair Loss Pattern:
 • Scarring Alopecia:
Allopecia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... , Loose anagen syndrome ... disease • Pull test ... texture at bald spots
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
fatiguable chewing, loss ... life-threatening Differential ... myasthenia Diagnosis ... Bedside: ice pack test ... /Edrophonium test
Approach to Joint Pain

History:
Is the pain from:
	• Joint
	• Adjacent bursa
	• Tendon
	• Ligament
	• Bone
	• Muscle
	• Referred from
trauma (e.g., meniscal ... e.g., congenital hip ... #Joint #Pain #MSK ... #differential # ... diagnosis #arthritis
Distinguishing between Inflammatory and Degenerative joint disease
Inflammatory Joint Disease
 • Swelling stimulates joint nociceptors -> Pain
with motion • Lots ... commonly affects the knee ... hip and L/C-spine ... Comparison #Versus #MSK ... JointDisease #JointPain #Diagnosis
Posterior Knee Dislocation Injury
Specifically, POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATIONS can have significant associated injury that needs unique approach
nerve injury (25%) TEST ... nerve injured (less ... Check hip and ankle ... special ligament/meniscus ... Posterior #Injury #msk