10 results
Beginner's Guide to End-Tital Capnography
4 Phases of the Capnoqram
I - Inspiration and expiration Of dead space
II
Beginner's Guide to End-Tital ... ventilated alveoli Ill ... #Diagnosis #PCC ... Capnography #Capnogram #Patterns ... #Waveform #Interpretation
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hepatocellular Pattern ... NAFLD, Others • Mild ... dz Cholestatic Pattern ... kwburak #LFTs #Elevated
Capnography
Measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide can be used to confirm ETT placement, for safer procedural sedation,
• PETCO2 - End-tidal ... The Capnograph waveform ... ventilation • Phase Ill ... #Capnography #interpretation ... #waveforms #patterns
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
PATTERNS: • BRONCHOSPASM ... peak, not end-tidal ... surface - Pattern ... #Capnography #interpretation ... #patterns #diagnosis
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... NAFLD • Others Mild ... Bile Ducts • PSC ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
hepatocellular pattern ... though cholestatic pattern ... reported (eg AIH-PBC ... IgG typically elevated ... Necrosis) If mild
Basic Interpretation
A structured approach to interpretation of HRCT involves the following questions:
What is the dominant HR-pattern:
reticular
nodular
high
Basic Interpretation ... structured approach to interpretation ... the dominant HR-pattern ... HRCT #CTChest #Interpretation ... #Algorithm #ILD
Fluid Responsiveness and Fluid Tolerance Testing - OnePager Summary
Fluid resuscitation can be beneficial when required or
Analysis of the waveform ... measurement of CO via a PAC ... • END TIDAL CO2 ... PULMONARY A vs B-LINE PATTERN ... predominant lung US pattern
On the left a smoker with RB-ILD with subtle HRCT-findings.
The dominant pattern is ground glass opacification.
Additional
smoker with RB-ILD ... The dominant pattern ... mandatory for the interpretion ... first think RB-ILD ... immunocompromised patient PCP
Autoimmune Myositis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Inflammatory Myopathies: Commonly symmetric proximal muscle weakness, no substantial muscle pain
Anti-MDA5 (RP-ILD ... slow onset and pattern ... kinase levels are elevated ... Other Diseases: • PBC