13 results
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... : • Hyperkalemia ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... hypervitaminosis D) hyperphosphatemia ... are not caused ... #Management #Signs
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... Hyperlipidemia - Hypercalcemia ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
vast majority of cases ... breakdown - Hypophosphatasia ... CPPD #Disease #Signs ... #Symptoms #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Renal failure, hyperphosphatemia ... Hypoparathyroidism - Genetic ... #Causes #endocrinology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... #causes #stroke
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
hyperthyroidism Diagnosis ... ↑ T3 - Mild hypercalcemia ... hyperthyroidism #causes ... #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
40% of patients diagnosed ... Genetic Predisposition ... to produce all classes ... /Symptoms/Findings ... Agammaglobulinemia #XLinked #pathophysiology