13 results
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... overgrowth: • Carpal ... Tunnel Syndrome ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... changes and may cause ... severe clinical complications ... are the leading cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer's (99% of cases ... Alzheimer's (1% of cases ... mutations - Down syndrome ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
paresthesias (carpal ... malignancy Pathophysiology ... Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome ... or refractory cases ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Headaches • Nausea ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Physiologic Causes ... • Sepsis Complications ... Acute Coronary Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Head and neck masses ... (80% to 90% of cases ... cause unknown) ... ○ Meningitis complications ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome