61 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... symptoms, unidirectonal ... symptoms/signs, ... Dizziness #Vertigo #Neurology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
with vascular causes ... positional episodes caused ... No auditory symptoms ... Long symptom-free ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Functional Dyspepsia - Signs, Symptoms and Pathophysiology
Delayed gastric emptying - Postprandial fullness, nausea, vomiting
Hypersensitivity to gastric
Dyspepsia - Signs, Symptoms ... and Pathophysiology ... postprandial fullness, abdominal ... Functional #Dyspepsia #Pathophysiology ... gastroenterology #symptoms
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... without an obvious cause ... with significant neurologic ... Central #Vertigo #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... , HIV serology, ... renal biopsy • Abdominal ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis
Mechanical Obstruction:
presents with acute abdominal ... symptoms. ... acute or chronic abdominal ... percussion • Nausea ... obstruction #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
HINTS Exam - Normal Head Impulse Test = Central Cause

This patient as a normal head impulse
Test = Central Cause ... test to the left and ... patient with vertigo symptoms ... for a CENTRAL cause ... Clinical #Video #Neurology
Diabetes – diabetic nephropathy
Majority of the literature in the area is applied to the diabetic nephropathy
be the primary cause ... Hyperglycemia and ... - Cytokines #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
Dizziness and Vertigo Algorithm
Presyncope:
 • Feels "faint" or like they are going to "pass out"
 •
Dizziness and Vertigo ... "pass out" • Symptoms ... spinning" • Symptoms ... Associated with nausea ... differential #diagnosis #neurology