32 results
Leptospirosis
Pathogen: Leptospira (interrogans, kirschneri, noguchii)
Risk Factors:
 • Occupational exposure - Farmers, ranchers, trappers, veterinarians
 • Recreational
non-productive cough, nausea ... , vomiting and diarrhea ... Disease: Jaundice + renal ... Leptospirosis #Leptospira #microbiology ... #management
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... tubal acidosis and ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... ) Renal Losses: ... #Algorithm #causes
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
cellars, barns and ... , weakness +/- diarrhea ... Diagnosis: ... #management #treatment ... #microbiology #
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Diarrhea B. ... Renal acidosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Whipple Disease (Tropheryma whipplei) - Diagnosis and Management 

Caused by: Tropheryma whipplei

Symptoms and Signs:
1. Migratory poly/oligoarthralgia
and Management ... Caused by: Tropheryma ... Intermittent diarrhea ... Oculomasticatory/oculo-facial-skeletal ... #algorithm #management
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
as arrhythmias and ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... use • Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
and Management ... Nephritic syndrome (Casts ... • Often severe renal ... available • Renal ... #diagnosis #management
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
- Differential Diagnosis ... acidosis: - Diarrhea ... - Renal tubular ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology
Cyclosporiasis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Pathogen: 
 • Cyclospora cayetanensis
 • Foodborne, waterbone, and soil-transmitted.
 •
and Management ... • Anorexia, Nausea ... cramping, Watery diarrhea ... #management #treatment ... #microbiology #