51 results
Triquetral Fracture
The triquetrum is the second most commonly fractured carpal bone. Look for the "pooping duck
The triquetrum ... fractured carpal bone ... common carpal bone ... fracture • Complications ... Radiology #XRay #Diagnosis
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Cushing Syndrome - Signs and Symptoms
Generalized: Weight gain, Slow healing of cuts, Increased risk of infections,
Syndrome - Signs and Symptoms ... blood pressure Bones ... Syndrome #Signs #Symptoms ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
D) Increased bone ... breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... mineralization Symptoms ... neuropathy • Renal ... : - Renal failure ... Difficulty walking Diagnosis
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
- Differential Diagnosis ... Most common symptoms ... Pregnancy - Renal ... symptoms - Pain ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
due to increased bone ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... #differential #diagnosis ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: Complications ... , Incr renal [Ca2 ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #complications