55 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... decr activity, nutrition ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
dental fixatives, Treatment ... /jejunal nutrition ... Musculoskeletal: Low bone ... #riskfactors #symptoms ... #nutrition
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
Pathogenesis and clinical ... mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... may cause severe clinical ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Mucous membranes • Bone ... Clinical Presentation ... musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... vasculitis Treatment
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease Pathophsiology ... in GBA1 gene Clinical ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... • softening of bones ... Neuropathy ALP is critical ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms
Syphilitic gummas in Tertiary syphilis
Tertiary syphilitic gummas may mimic basal cell carcinoma. The gummatous tumors are
Without treatment ... are no signs or symptoms ... vessels, liver, bones ... Tertiary #syphilis #clinical
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Pathogenesis and clinical ... • Deletion of critical ... Syndrome Signs/Symptoms ... Infertility • Decr Bone ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Pathogenesis and clinical ... tear a portion of bone ... lateral hip Signs/Symptoms ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms