13 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... #pathophysiology
Syphilitic gummas in Tertiary syphilis
Tertiary syphilitic gummas may mimic basal cell carcinoma. The gummatous tumors are
Syphilitic gummas in Tertiary ... syphilis Tertiary ... Without treatment ... are no signs or symptoms ... vessels, liver, bones
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... decr activity, nutrition ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
dental fixatives, Treatment ... /jejunal nutrition ... Musculoskeletal: Low bone ... #riskfactors #symptoms ... #nutrition
Interstitial keratitis in Tertiary Syphilis

Interstitial keratitis, which is an inflammation of the cornea’s connective tissue elements,
Interstitial keratitis in Tertiary ... Without treatment ... are no signs or symptoms ... vessels, liver, bones ... Interstitial #keratitis #Tertiary
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Mucous membranes • Bone ... musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... vasculitis Treatment ... #Nutrition #Diagnosis
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Refeeding #Syndrome #Nutrition ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
The Stages of Syphilis 

Primary Syphilis 
- The chancre lesion is the hallmark of primary syphilis.
Without treatment ... exposure to or symptoms ... Late (Tertiary) ... granuIomas on skin, bone ... Secondary #Latent #Tertiary
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
age 70 years Symptoms ... Platelet Disorders • Nutritional ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... marrow studies Treatment ... Immunosuppressive treatment
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Transplantation including bone ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment