9 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS of Respiratory ... Weakness, Loss of Chest ... UnremarkableLab #AA ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia ... #differential #diagnosis
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
Normal The respiratory ... disease, pleuritic chest ... consider infarction, hypoxia ... #Pulmonary #Abnormalities ... #Abnormal #Diagnosis
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Presentation and Diagnosis ... Dyspnea, Wheeze, Chest ... Hyperresonance, Hypoxemia ... , Pursed lip breathing ... #pulmonary
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Acute Respiratory ... Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical ... Cheat Sheet ... congestion with hypoxemia ... detected on CT or CXR
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic cough • Hypoxia ... Loss of weight • Chest ... parenchyma Diagnosis ... high-resolution chest ... - BAR >1.0 is abnormal
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - Diagnosis and Management

Pneumonia Signs/Symptoms:
 • Confusion/disorientation (LR + 1.9)
 • Cough
Pneumonia (CAP) - Diagnosis ... and Management ... • Pleuritic chest ... (LR + 2.7) • Hypoxia ... #Pulmonary #Community
Basics of Waveform Capnography
Waveform capnography assesses ventilation by monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide
Can use measurement and morphology
different phases of respiratory ... C02 (PECO2) • Abnormal ... pathophysiology CLINICAL ... Assessing ROSC during CPR ... interpretation #patterns #diagnosis
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
and Management ... renal failure Clinical ... e.g. incidental CXR ... , cough, chest pain ... ), liver (pain/abnormal
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
has five major clinical ... aches, joint pain, chest ... fungal stain of clinical ... level • A low or normal ... #Management #Infections