7 results
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Polyphagia • Polyuria ... #pathophysiology
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... with anorexia, vomiting ... significant anion gap metabolic ... Common, early signs ... , vomiting, abdominal
Typical Clinical Features of DKA:
 - 
Acetone breath 
 - Tachycardia 
 - Soft Bp
/vomifing - Abdominal ... pain - Polyuria ... #Diagnosis # ... Diabetic #Ketoacidosis ... #Signs
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Gastrointestinal: Vomiting ... acidosis • Diabetic ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... Gastric alkalosis: vomiting ... other • Severe potassium ... #Causes #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Loss of sodium/Potassium ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... , Vomiting, Diarrhea
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Hypochloremic metabolic ... Surreptitious vomiting ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology