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diagnosis management differential nephrology algorithm pharmacology treatment hyponatremia table causes medications pathophysiology cardiology comparison hyperkalemia classification clinical potassium rheumatology syndrome
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
• ADH Present (Uosm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... be high or low Uosm ... • ADH Present (Uosm ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Hypernatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm Step 1: Consider history. Most patients presenting with hypernatremia are either very
Step 2: Check Uosm ... using initial Uosm ... Evaluation #Algorithm #Sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm ... wasting • ADH OFF (UOsm ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
#2 - Assess the Uosm ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
) Euvolemic • UOsm ... Toast Diet • UOsm ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Visualizing Hypotonic Hyponatremia • UNa reveals RAAS activity. • UOsm reveals ADH activity. • ADH secretion
• UOsm reveals ... nephrology #diagnosis #sodium
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
the total body sodium ... osmolality, urine sodium ... If Posm >285 mOsm ... urine osmolality (Uosm ... Measured urine sodium
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Diagnosis Algorithm UOsm ... ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent ... Cortisol deficiency UOsm ... < POsm - Vasopressin-independent
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Diuresis (Urine Osm ... <100 mOsm/kg) ... Diuresis (Urine Osm ... 100-200 mOsm/kg ... 300-500 mOsm/kg
Hypo-osmolar Hypotonic HypoNatremia Algorithm (Serum Na+ < 135 meq/L, serum Osm < 275 mosm/kg) Assess Volume Status,
135 meq/L, serum Osm ... < 275 mosm/kg) ... Urine Na, Urine Osm
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