8 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... damage to sacral nerves ... suspected, immediate MRI ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #symptoms #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
inner retinal nerve ... optic nerve swelling ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis ... ophthalmoplegia), systemic signs ... Imaging (if atypical symptoms ... ): MRI+gad (stroke ... CNS inflammatory cause
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... tissue: Epithelioid cells ... at the time of diagnosis ... anterior/posterior MSK ... #Management #Signs
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
findings Acute or Chronic ... bone): facial nerve ... hearing loss, nausea ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
- Causes progressive ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... Escorial criteria uses ... MRI: Brain, cervical ... activity between nerve
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
bouts of HTN Diagnostic ... • Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... Pleocytosis > 100 cells ... brain and/or optic nerve
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... muscle weakness • Nerves ... oligoclonal bands • MRI ... Eosinophilia, asthma, chronic ... tract, and often causes