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diagnosis nephrology algorithm differential acute casts aki glomerular nephritic proteinuria syndrome urology workup ain atlas blood classification comparison diseases injury
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... sediment by microscopy ... pain + gross or microscopic ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... blood cells on urine ... microscopy. ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... hematuria, mild ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... AIN #Algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
dipstick, urine ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #causes
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... Casts • Hyaline ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... brown cast” - Necrotic ... #Microscopy #Atlas ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... Assess UA w/ microscopy
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