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diagnosis differential hyponatremia treatment hypernatremia neurology convulsive epilepticus hypokalemia status acep acute aki cancer cerebral chronic ckd comparison di diarrhea
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... 3) Urine Sodium ... Low Uric Acid → SIADH ... #nephrology #sodium
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Pathophysiology 1) ... Neurological event 2) ... Sodium loss from ... tubules 3) Naturiesis ... → Increased urine
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... Step #1 - Consider ... history Step #2 ... Uglucose Step #3 ... #Algorithm #Sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated Step 2:
Step 1: Consider ... elevated Step 2: ... Check Uosm and/or Urine ... Gravity Step 3: ... tests Step 5: If SIADH
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Step 1 . ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... EUVOLEMIC • SIADH ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
SIADH Treatment Options 1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
Options 1. ... hospitalization) 3. ... promoting passive sodium ... #Management #hyponatremia ... #nephrology #treatment
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea pH Normal 1. Decreased Mg 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... discontinued) 3. ... secreting tumor 3. ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Algorithm 1) ... Check Urine Osmolality ... renal mechanism 2) ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Management of SIADH ... restriction: • Restrict 1 ... promoting passive sodium ... Saline: • If Urine ... #nephrology #treatment
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
discrete buckets: 1. ... (low intake) 2. ... transcellular shift) 3. ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
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