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differential management hyponatremia acute aki sodium low syndrome hematuria hypokalemia microscopy proteinuria workup alkalosis blood glomerular glomerulonephritis hyperkalemia magnesium metabolic
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework Pre-Renal Post-Renal Intrinsic Renal: • Tubules (ATN) • Glomerular:
Causes of Acute ... - Differential Diagnosis ... , Nephritic • ... #AKI #Acute #KidneyInjury ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Epithelial cell casts ... Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... #AKI #Acute #KidneyInjury ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... #AKI #Acute #KidneyInjury
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Confirm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Causes of Generalized ... Algorithm Overfill ... (Increased renal ... sodium retention, Urine ... #Algorithm #Causes
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