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diagnosis nephrology algorithm cardiology management chf chloride classification clinical complexes criticalcare cushings elevation endocrinology foamed gitelman heartfailure hypercortisolism icu lactate
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #Causes #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... excretion (e.g., urine ... - Shock - Hypovolemia ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features 1) Skin • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Cushing's Syndrome ... Cataracts Labs: Hypokalemia ... hypernatremia, metabolic alkalosis ... ↑ 24-hour urine ... levels following a low-dose
Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC's) - Summary Framework Why PVCs? Can be the first manifestation of cardiac
(e.g., long QT syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypokalemia ... classified as: • Low ... more intensive treatment ... #cardiology
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
urine output. ... patient causing hypovolemia ... acute coronary syndrome ... the determined cause ... #diagnosis #differential
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