13 results
Differential diagnosis for toxic/metabolic encephalopathies - Patterns on Brain Imaging

Cynthia Czawlytko, MD @drcyncity

#Differential #diagnosis #encephalopathies #encephalopathy
diagnosis for toxic/metabolic ... - Patterns on Brain ... imaging #patterns #MRI ... #Neurology #pathology ... #diseases #radiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... volume contracted: urine ... volume expanded: urine ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal causes ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Alkalosis: Emesis
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic ... Brain Disorders ... Pons: ODS #MRI ... Differential #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Neurology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... #Causes
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
dissipation of metabolic ... maintained fever CAUSES ... amphetamines) Toxic: • Radiologic ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... • Traumatic brain
Leigh Syndrome 
History: 19-month-old girl with hypotonia, developmental 
delay, failure to thrive, and bilateral optic disc
Leigh Syndrome ... patterns (this case ... #Clinical #MRI ... #Brain #Diagnosis ... #Radiology