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nephrology hyponatremia differential management gitelman bulimianervosa causes complications encephalopathy hematology hypotonic leukostasis low lysis physiologic posterior pres psychiatry reversible signs
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... priapism • Lab values ... : • Pathophysiology ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... #TLS #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Algorithm Hypovolemic ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... Seizures: Treat with AEDs ... #neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications GASTROINTESTINAL • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation • Recurrent vomiting exposes
and ulcers • Vagus ... • Boerhaave syndrome ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #psychiatry
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